Electromagnetic spectrum nm

The electromagnetic spectrum includes radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays. These are all electromagnetic radiation, arranged by wavelength or frequency.

How it works

In a vacuum, electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light, so wavelength and frequency are related by c = λf. Shorter wavelength corresponds to higher frequency and photon energy.

Example or application

Visible light spans roughly 400 to 700 nanometers, with violet at the shorter-wavelength end and red at the longer-wavelength end. Boundaries are approximate and depend on convention.

Scope and limits

A wavelength in nanometers does not by itself identify a biological effect or safety level. Exposure depends on radiation type, intensity, duration, and context.

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